Sertoli cell

Sertoli cells are a type of cell found in the testis, specifically in the seminiferous tubules. They are named after the Italian physiologist Enrico Sertoli, who discovered them. Sertoli cells play a crucial role in spermatogenesis, the process of sperm production.

Function

Sertoli cells are responsible for creating a blood-testis barrier, a physical barrier between the blood vessels and the seminiferous tubules in the testis. This barrier is essential for protecting the developing sperm cells from the immune system, as the sperm cells are recognized as foreign bodies due to their half set of chromosomes.

In addition to creating the blood-testis barrier, Sertoli cells also provide nourishment for the developing sperm cells and regulate the process of spermatogenesis. They secrete various substances that are necessary for the development and maturation of sperm cells, including androgen binding protein (ABP), inhibin, and activin.

Structure

Sertoli cells are large, columnar cells that extend from the basement membrane of the seminiferous tubules to the lumen. They have a complex structure with numerous cytoplasmic processes that envelop the developing sperm cells. The nucleus of a Sertoli cell is typically oval or elongated and contains one or more prominent nucleoli.

Clinical significance

Abnormalities in Sertoli cells can lead to various reproductive disorders. For example, Sertoli cell-only syndrome is a condition in which only Sertoli cells, but no sperm cells, are present in the seminiferous tubules. This condition leads to male infertility. Sertoli cells can also become cancerous, leading to a rare type of testicular cancer known as a Sertoli cell tumor.

See also

• Leydig cell
• Spermatogenesis
• Testis

References

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Sertoli cell

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