Stomata
Stomata
Stomata (pronounced: sto-ma-ta, from the Greek word 'stoma', meaning 'mouth') are minute openings or pores found in the epidermis of plants, specifically on the surfaces of leaves, stems, and other organs. They are crucial for gas exchange, allowing carbon dioxide to enter and oxygen and water vapor to exit the plant.
Structure
Stomata are typically composed of two specialized parenchyma cells known as guard cells. These cells can change shape to open or close the stomatal pore. The opening and closing of stomata are regulated by various environmental factors such as light, carbon dioxide concentration, and humidity.
Function
The primary function of stomata is to facilitate gas exchange (transpiration) between the plant and the atmosphere. They allow the uptake of carbon dioxide for photosynthesis and the release of oxygen as a byproduct. Stomata also play a significant role in water regulation in plants.
Types of Stomata
There are three main types of stomata based on their structure and distribution: Anomocytic, Anisocytic, and Diacytic.
- Anomocytic stomata (also known as ranunculaceous stomata) are surrounded by cells that are similar to the other epidermal cells.
- Anisocytic stomata (also known as cruciferous stomata) have three neighboring cells, one of which is distinctly smaller than the other two.
- Diacytic stomata (also known as caryophyllaceous stomata) are surrounded by two subsidiary cells that are parallel to the long axis of the guard cells.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Stomata
- Wikipedia's article - Stomata
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