Sympathomimetic

Sympathomimetic

Sympathomimetic (pronunciation: sim-puh-thoh-muh-MET-ik) drugs, also known as adrenergic agonists, are a type of medication that stimulates the sympathetic nervous system.

Etymology

The term "sympathomimetic" is derived from the Greek words "sympatheia" meaning "sympathy" and "mimesis" meaning "imitation". This refers to the drug's ability to mimic the actions of the sympathetic nervous system.

Definition

Sympathomimetic drugs are substances that mimic the effects of the neurotransmitter epinephrine (also known as adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline) in the human body. These drugs are used to treat a variety of conditions, including asthma, cardiac arrest, and low blood pressure.

Mechanism of Action

Sympathomimetics work by binding to adrenergic receptors on the surface of cells in the heart, lungs, and other organs. This triggers a response that mimics the body's natural "fight or flight" response, increasing heart rate, constricting blood vessels, and opening airways.

Types of Sympathomimetic Drugs

There are several types of sympathomimetic drugs, including:

• Bronchodilators such as albuterol and epinephrine, which are used to treat asthma and other respiratory conditions.
• Vasopressors such as norepinephrine and dopamine, which are used to increase blood pressure in patients with shock or low blood pressure.
• Decongestants such as pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine, which are used to relieve nasal congestion.

Side Effects

Common side effects of sympathomimetic drugs include increased heart rate, high blood pressure, and anxiety. In some cases, these drugs can also cause palpitations, tremors, and insomnia.

Related Terms

• Adrenergic agonist
• Sympathetic nervous system
• Epinephrine
• Norepinephrine
• Adrenergic receptors

External links

• Medical encyclopedia article on Sympathomimetic
• Wikipedia's article - Sympathomimetic

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