Analgesic

Analgetics or analgesics refer to a class of drugs designed to alleviate pain. These drugs are commonly known as painkillers.

Analgesics exert their effect on the nervous system and differ in their mode of action, strength, and potential side effects. Some painkillers, such as opioids, may lead to addiction if used over an extended period. Others, when consumed in excess, can have detrimental side effects, such as liver damage from overuse of paracetamol.

Types of Analgesics

Several types of analgesics are available, each with distinct mechanisms of action:

Paracetamol

Paracetamol, also known as acetaminophen, is a common over-the-counter pain reliever. It is effective for mild to moderate pain and has fewer side effects compared to NSAIDs. However, high doses can cause liver damage.

Opiates

Opiates are a type of powerful painkiller that includes drugs such as morphine and codeine. They are often used for severe pain. Opiates work by binding to specific proteins called opioid receptors in the brain, spinal cord, and gastrointestinal tract. However, long-term use can lead to dependence and addiction.

NSAIDs

NSAIDs, or Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, include commonly used drugs like aspirin and ibuprofen. They work by reducing the production of prostaglandins, substances that cause inflammation, pain, and fever in the body. While generally safe for short-term use, long-term use or high doses can lead to gastrointestinal ulcers or kidney problems.

COX-2 Inhibitors

COX-2 inhibitors are a type of NSAID that selectively block the COX-2 enzyme. This enzyme plays a key role in causing inflammation and pain in the body. COX-2 inhibitors tend to cause fewer stomach side effects than traditional NSAIDs.

See Also

• Pain management
• Chronic pain

External links

• International Association for the Study of Pain

References

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