4AT
4AT
4AT (pronounced "four-A-T") is a rapid clinical test used to screen for delirium and cognitive impairment. It was developed by a team of clinicians and researchers from the University of Edinburgh, led by Professor Alasdair MacLullich.
Etymology
The term "4AT" is an acronym derived from the four aspects of assessment it covers: Alertness, Abbreviated Mental Test 4, Attention, and Acute change or fluctuating course.
Usage
The 4AT is used in various clinical settings, including emergency departments, acute medical units, and general hospital wards. It is particularly useful in older patients where delirium and cognitive impairment are more common.
Components
The 4AT comprises four sections:
- Alertness: This is assessed by observing the patient's level of alertness or arousal.
- Abbreviated Mental Test 4 (AMT4): This involves asking the patient four questions to assess their cognitive function.
- Attention: This is assessed by asking the patient to perform a simple task that requires sustained attention.
- Acute change or fluctuating course: This is assessed by obtaining information from the patient, relatives, or medical records about any acute change or fluctuation in mental status.
Each section is scored, and the total score is used to determine the likelihood of delirium or cognitive impairment.
Related Terms
- Delirium: A serious disturbance in mental abilities that results in confused thinking and reduced awareness of the environment.
- Cognitive Impairment: A decline in cognitive function, including memory and thinking skills.
- Abbreviated Mental Test 4 (AMT4): A brief cognitive test used to assess mental status.
- Acute Medical Unit (AMU): A dedicated unit within a hospital that provides care for patients who have an acute medical illness.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on 4AT
- Wikipedia's article - 4AT
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