Acanthocytes
Acanthocytes
Acanthocytes (pronounced: a-kan-tho-sites), also known as spur cells, are a type of red blood cell that have irregularly spaced, thorny projections. The term "acanthocyte" comes from the Greek words "akantha", meaning thorn, and "kytos", meaning cell.
Etymology
The term "acanthocyte" is derived from the Greek words "akantha" (ἄκανθα), which means thorn or spine, and "kytos" (κύτος), which means cell. This is in reference to the thorny or spiky appearance of these cells under a microscope.
Characteristics
Acanthocytes are characterized by their irregularly spaced, thorny projections. Unlike normal red blood cells, which are typically smooth and round, acanthocytes have a spiked surface. This irregular shape can affect the cells' ability to carry oxygen and can lead to various health problems.
Related Terms
- Anemia: A condition in which the body lacks enough healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen to the body's tissues.
- Hemolysis: The breakdown of red blood cells.
- Liver disease: A type of disease that occurs in the liver. Acanthocytes are often seen in people with severe liver diseases.
- Neuroacanthocytosis: A group of rare, genetic neurological disorders characterized by the presence of acanthocytes in the blood.
Causes
Acanthocytes can be caused by a variety of conditions, including liver disease, lipid disorders, and certain genetic disorders such as Abetalipoproteinemia and Neuroacanthocytosis syndromes.
Diagnosis
Acanthocytes are typically identified through a blood test. Under a microscope, these cells appear to have irregularly spaced, thorny projections, which distinguishes them from normal red blood cells.
Treatment
Treatment for acanthocytes typically involves addressing the underlying condition that is causing the abnormal red blood cells. This may involve medication, lifestyle changes, or in some cases, surgery.
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