Algal blooms
Algal Blooms
Algal blooms (pronunciation: /ˈælɡəl ˈbluːm/) are rapid increases in the population of algae in freshwater or marine water systems. They may occur in a variety of colors, such as green, red, or brown, depending on the species of algae involved.
Etymology
The term "algal bloom" is derived from the Old English word "algae", meaning "seaweed", and the Middle English word "blome", meaning "flower". It refers to the rapid growth and accumulation of algae, which often resembles a bloom of flowers on the water surface.
Causes
Algal blooms are typically caused by an excess of nutrients (particularly phosphorus and nitrogen) in the water, often as a result of runoff from land. Other factors that can contribute to algal blooms include warm water temperatures, calm water conditions, and abundant sunlight.
Effects
While some algal blooms are harmless, others can produce toxins that are harmful to other aquatic life, pets, and even humans. These harmful algal blooms (HABs), such as red tide, can cause illness or death in humans who consume contaminated seafood or inhale toxins in the air.
Prevention and Control
Preventing and controlling algal blooms often involves reducing nutrient pollution, such as by improving wastewater treatment, reducing fertilizer use, and managing stormwater runoff. In some cases, algal blooms can be controlled through physical methods, such as aeration or the use of algaecides.
Related Terms
- Eutrophication: The process by which a body of water becomes enriched in dissolved nutrients, leading to algal blooms and low oxygen levels.
- Hypoxia: A condition in which the level of oxygen in the water is too low to support most marine life, often caused by algal blooms.
- Cyanobacteria: A type of bacteria that can carry out photosynthesis, often involved in algal blooms.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Algal blooms
- Wikipedia's article - Algal blooms
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