Alkali metal
Alkali Metal
Alkali metals are a group of chemical elements from Group 1 of the Periodic Table, consisting of lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), caesium (Cs), and francium (Fr). They are all shiny, soft, highly reactive metals at standard temperature and pressure and readily lose their outermost electron to form cations with charge +1.
Pronunciation
Alkali Metal: /ælˈkaɪ ˈmɛtəl/
Etymology
The term "alkali" is derived from the Arabic word "al qali" meaning "from the ashes", reflecting the natural occurrence of alkali metals in plant ashes. The term "metal" comes from the Greek word "metallon" meaning "mine" or "metal".
Related Terms
- Alkaline Earth Metals: Group 2 elements in the periodic table. They are beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), and radium (Ra).
- Periodic Table: A tabular arrangement of chemical elements, organized based on their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties.
- Cation: A positively charged ion that is formed by the loss of one or more electrons.
- Electron: A subatomic particle with a negative electric charge.
Alkali Metals
- Lithium (Li): The lightest metal and the least dense solid element. Used in rechargeable batteries for mobile phones, laptops, and electric vehicles.
- Sodium (Na): A soft, silvery-white, highly reactive metal. Sodium is an essential element for all animals and some plants.
- Potassium (K): The eighth most abundant element in the Earth's crust and the third most abundant metal, after aluminium and silicon.
- Rubidium (Rb): A very soft, silvery-white metal in the alkali metal group. Rubidium metal shares similarities to potassium metal and caesium metal in physical appearance, softness and conductivity.
- Caesium (Cs): A chemical element with the symbol Cs and atomic number 55. It is a soft, silvery-gold alkali metal with a melting point of 28.5 °C (83.3 °F), which makes it one of only five elemental metals that are liquid at or near room temperature.
- Francium (Fr): The second-least electronegative element, behind only caesium, and is the second rarest naturally occurring element (after astatine).
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Alkali metal
- Wikipedia's article - Alkali metal
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