Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis
Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis (pronounced: an-tee-EN-em-DEE-ay re-SEP-tor en-sef-uh-LIE-tis) is a type of inflammation of the brain that occurs when antibodies produced by the body's own immune system attack NMDA receptors in the brain. NMDA receptors, or N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, are proteins that control electrical impulses in the brain. Their functions are critical for judgement, perception of reality, human interaction, the formation and retrieval of memory, and the control of unconscious activities (such as breathing, swallowing, etc.), also regulated by the autonomic nervous system.
Etymology
The term "Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis" comes from "anti-" (against), "NMDA receptor" (a type of receptor in the brain), and "encephalitis" (inflammation of the brain). The NMDA receptor is named for its ability to bind to the chemical N-methyl-D-aspartate.
Symptoms
Symptoms of Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis may include psychiatric symptoms, memory issues, speech dysfunction, seizures, involuntary movements, autonomic dysfunction, and decreased level of consciousness.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is typically based on tests showing specific antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), along with typical symptoms and results of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Treatment
Treatment generally involves therapies to decrease the levels of antibodies and often includes corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, and plasma exchange. In some cases, removing an underlying tumor can improve the condition.
Prognosis
The prognosis of Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis varies. Some people recover completely, while others have permanent problems. Death can occur but is relatively rare.
See also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis
- Wikipedia's article - Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis
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