Azo dye
Azo dye
Azo dye (pronunciation: /ˈeɪzoʊ daɪ/) is a type of chemical compound where a nitrogen double bond (N=N) is the key functional group. The term "azo" comes from the French word for nitrogen, "azote".
Etymology
The term "azo" is derived from the ancient Greek word "azotos" meaning "lifeless", which was used to describe nitrogen because it does not support life in its pure form. The term "dye" comes from the Old English "deah" or "deag", which means to color or stain.
Description
Azo dyes are a large class of synthetic dyes that contain an azo group (-N=N-) as part of their molecular structure. They are used extensively in the textile, food, and pharmaceutical industries due to their high coloring strength and wide range of colors.
Synthesis
Azo dyes are typically synthesized by the diazo coupling reaction, which involves the reaction of an aromatic amine with a diazonium salt. The resulting azo compound is often highly colored due to the extended conjugation of the molecule.
Related Terms
- Diazonium Salt: A type of salt that contains a diazonium ion (R-N2+). Diazonium salts are often used in the synthesis of azo dyes.
- Aromatic Amine: A type of amine that contains an aromatic ring. Aromatic amines are often used in the synthesis of azo dyes.
- Diazo Coupling: A chemical reaction that involves the coupling of a diazonium salt with a nucleophile, often an aromatic amine. This reaction is commonly used in the synthesis of azo dyes.
Health and Environmental Concerns
Some azo dyes can break down into aromatic amines, some of which have been classified as carcinogenic. As a result, the use of certain azo dyes is restricted in many countries.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Azo dye
- Wikipedia's article - Azo dye
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