Azotemia
Azotemia
Azotemia (pronounced as /ˌæzoʊˈtiːmiə/) is a medical condition characterized by abnormally high levels of nitrogen-containing compounds, such as urea, creatinine, various body waste compounds, and other nitrogen-rich compounds in the blood. It is largely related to insufficient or dysfunctional filtering of blood by the kidneys. It can lead to renal failure if not properly managed.
Etymology
The term "Azotemia" is derived from the Greek words "azote" meaning "without life" and "-emia" meaning "condition of the blood". The term was first used in the late 19th century to describe the condition of having excessive amounts of nitrogen in the blood.
Types of Azotemia
There are three types of Azotemia: Prerenal azotemia, Intrarenal azotemia, and Postrenal azotemia. Each type is associated with different causes and potential treatments.
- Prerenal azotemia is caused by a decrease in blood flow to the kidneys, often due to dehydration or heart failure.
- Intrarenal azotemia is caused by damage to the kidneys themselves, such as from disease or injury.
- Postrenal azotemia is caused by obstruction of urine flow, such as from a kidney stone or enlarged prostate.
Symptoms
Symptoms of Azotemia can vary depending on the severity of the condition and the type of Azotemia. Common symptoms include fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, and mental confusion. In severe cases, it can lead to uremia, a life-threatening condition.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of Azotemia typically involves blood tests to measure the levels of nitrogen-containing compounds in the blood. Additional tests may be performed to determine the underlying cause of the condition.
Treatment
Treatment for Azotemia depends on the underlying cause. This may involve treating dehydration, heart failure, kidney disease, or removing an obstruction in the urinary tract. In severe cases, dialysis may be required.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Azotemia
- Wikipedia's article - Azotemia
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