Biological diversity
Biological diversity
Biological diversity (pronunciation: /ˌbaɪəˈlɒdʒɪkəl daɪˈvɜːrsɪti/), also known as biodiversity, refers to the variety of life on Earth, in all its forms and interactions. The term is derived from the Greek words 'bios' meaning life, and 'diversity' meaning variety.
Etymology
The term "biological diversity" was first used in 1980 by Thomas Lovejoy, though the concept had been discussed under other names, such as "ecological diversity", for several decades prior. The term was popularized by Edward O. Wilson in 1988 with his book "Biodiversity".
Definition
Biological diversity encompasses three main types: genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity.
- Genetic diversity refers to the variety of genes within a species. It ensures that a population can adapt to new conditions and survive, as some individuals will have genes that are suited to the new environment or disease.
- Species diversity refers to the variety of species within a region. The greater the species diversity, the more complex the interactions between species, and the more resilient the ecosystem is to changes.
- Ecosystem diversity refers to the variety of ecosystems on Earth. Each ecosystem has its own species diversity, but also contributes to the overall biodiversity of the planet.
Importance
Biological diversity is crucial for the health of ecosystems and human survival. It provides us with food, medicine, and resources, regulates our climate, and enriches our lives with beauty and inspiration.
Threats
The main threats to biological diversity are habitat destruction, climate change, invasive species, overexploitation, and pollution. These are primarily caused by human activities.
Conservation
Conservation of biological diversity involves protecting species and their habitats, as well as the ecological processes that support them. This can be achieved through a combination of legislation, sustainable practices, and education.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Biological diversity
- Wikipedia's article - Biological diversity
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