Black widow spider
Black Widow Spider
The Black Widow Spider (Latrodectus mactans), pronounced as /blæk ˈwɪdoʊ ˈspaɪdər/, is a species of venomous spider known for the distinctive black and red coloring of the female of the species and for the fact that she will occasionally eat her mate after reproduction. The term "black widow" is derived from this behavior.
Etymology
The term "Black Widow Spider" comes from the behavior of the female of the species, which is known to occasionally eat the male after mating, a behavior known as sexual cannibalism. The "black" in the name refers to the color of the female spider, which is typically shiny black.
Description
Black Widow Spiders are most recognized for their black body and the red hourglass shape on the underside of their abdomen. They are part of the Theridiidae family, which are commonly referred to as the tangle-web spiders or cobweb spiders.
Habitat
Black Widow Spiders are found throughout the world. In North America, they are most common in the southern and western states. They prefer warm climates and are often found in dark, dry shelters such as rock piles, wood piles, under eaves, in boxes, and in outdoor toilets.
Venom
The venom of the Black Widow Spider is a neurotoxin, which can cause severe muscle pain, abdominal cramps, hyperhidrosis, tachycardia, and muscle spasms. Symptoms usually last for 3–7 days, but may persist for several weeks. Despite its reputation, the Black Widow Spider often does not bite humans unless threatened, and when it does, it often does not inject its venom.
Treatment
Treatment for a Black Widow Spider bite often involves pain management and monitoring for complications. In severe cases, antivenom may be administered.
Related Terms
- Latrodectus: The genus to which the Black Widow Spider belongs.
- Arachnid: The class of joint-legged invertebrate animals to which spiders belong.
- Venom: A poisonous substance secreted by animals such as snakes, spiders, and scorpions and typically injected into prey or aggressors by biting or stinging.
- Neurotoxin: A poison that acts on the nervous system.
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