CD20

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CD20

CD20 (pronounced "see-dee-twenty"), also known as MS4A1 (Membrane Spanning 4-Domains A1), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MS4A1 gene. It is expressed on the surface of all B-cells beginning at the pro-B phase (CD45R+, CD117+) and progressively increasing in concentration until maturity.

Etymology

The term "CD20" is derived from the term "Cluster of Differentiation 20". This is a protocol used for the identification and investigation of cell surface molecules present on leukocytes. CD20 was first identified and named in this manner in the early 1980s.

Function

CD20 is involved in cell cycle progression, differentiation, and activation of B-cells. It is primarily present on B-cells from the pre-B stage to the mature B-cell stage, but it is lost on maturation to plasma cells. Its function in the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) signalosome is not clear. CD20 is not present on hematopoietic stem cells, pro-B cells, normal plasma cells or other normal tissues. CD20 is expressed on all stages of B cell development except the first and last; it is present from late pro-B cells through memory cells, but not on either early pro-B cells or plasma blasts and plasma cells.

Clinical significance

CD20 is the target of several monoclonal antibodies, such as rituximab, obinutuzumab, and tositumomab, which are all active agents in the treatment of all B cell lymphomas and leukemias. Mutations in this gene could cause diseases associated with errors of B-cell proliferation and/or differentiation. The overexpression of the CD20 gene has been associated with many B-cell malignancies.

Related terms

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