CNS depressant
CNS depressant
CNS depressants (pronunciation: /siːɛnɛs dɪˈprɛsənt/), also known as central nervous system depressants, are a class of medications that slow down brain activity, resulting in a calming or drowsy effect.
Etymology
The term "CNS depressant" is derived from the full term "Central Nervous System Depressant". The term "depressant" is used to describe any drug that reduces the function or activity of a specific part of the body or brain.
Types of CNS depressants
There are three main types of CNS depressants: Benzodiazepines, Non-Benzodiazepine sleep medications, and Barbiturates.
- Benzodiazepines are commonly prescribed for acute stress reactions, panic attacks, and convulsions. Examples include Diazepam and Alprazolam.
- Non-Benzodiazepine sleep medications are used for short-term treatment of sleep disorders. Examples include Zolpidem and Eszopiclone.
- Barbiturates are used for surgical procedures and to treat seizure disorders. Examples include Phenobarbital and Mephobarbital.
Effects of CNS depressants
CNS depressants work by increasing the activity of GABA, a chemical in the brain that produces a calming effect. This results in a reduction of brain activity and a decrease in anxiety, muscle tension, and insomnia.
Risks and side effects
Long-term use of CNS depressants can lead to physical dependence and withdrawal symptoms. Side effects can include drowsiness, confusion, and memory problems. Overdose can cause severe respiratory depression, coma, or death.
Related terms
- Sedative: A substance that induces sedation by reducing irritability or excitement.
- Hypnotic: A drug that induces sleep.
- Anxiolytic: A medication that inhibits anxiety.
- Anticonvulsant: A type of medication which prevents or reduces the severity of epileptic fits or other convulsions.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on CNS depressant
- Wikipedia's article - CNS depressant
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