Central giant-cell granuloma

Central giant-cell granuloma

Central giant-cell granuloma (sen-trəl jī-ənt-sel grə-ˈnü-lō-mə) is a benign condition that affects the jaws. It is characterized by the presence of multinucleated giant cells in a background of mononuclear stromal cells and extravasated red blood cells.

Etymology

The term "central" refers to the condition's tendency to occur in the center of the jaw bones. "Giant-cell" refers to the large, multinucleated cells that are a characteristic feature of this condition. "Granuloma" is derived from the Latin word "granulum," which means "small grain." In medical terminology, a granuloma is a structure formed during inflammation that is found in many types of diseases.

Clinical Features

Central giant-cell granuloma typically presents as a painless swelling or enlargement of the jaw. It may cause displacement of teeth, root resorption, and occasionally paresthesia. The lesion is often discovered during routine dental radiographic examination.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of central giant-cell granuloma is based on clinical, radiographic, and histopathological findings. Radiographically, the lesion appears as a well-defined or ill-defined radiolucency, often with a multilocular appearance. Histologically, the lesion is characterized by the presence of numerous multinucleated giant cells in a background of mononuclear stromal cells and extravasated red blood cells.

Treatment

Treatment options for central giant-cell granuloma include surgical curettage, resection, and intralesional steroid injections. Some cases may respond to calcitonin or interferon alpha-2a therapy.

Related Terms

• Giant cell
• Granuloma
• Jaw diseases
• Oral pathology

External links

• Medical encyclopedia article on Central giant-cell granuloma
• Wikipedia's article - Central giant-cell granuloma

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