Central processing unit
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
The Central Processing Unit (CPU; /ˈsiːˈpjuː/), also known as the processor or sometimes simply the chip, is the primary component of a computer that performs most of the processing inside the computer. It is often referred to as the "brain" of the computer.
Etymology
The term "Central Processing Unit" is derived from the concept of a CPU being the main component of a computer where most calculations take place. It was first used in the computer industry in the early 1960s.
Function
The CPU is an electronic circuit within a computer that carries out the instructions of a computer program by performing the basic arithmetic, logical, control and input/output (I/O) operations specified by the instructions. The CPU plays a role in almost everything a computer does, from managing the computer's memory to controlling the flow of information within the system.
Related Terms
- Microprocessor: A microprocessor is a CPU located on a single integrated circuit chip. It contains the functions of a central processing unit, the memory and the input/output controls.
- Multi-core processor: A multi-core processor is a single computing component with two or more independent CPUs, which are the actual processing units.
- Clock rate: The clock rate typically refers to the frequency at which a CPU is running. It is measured in the CPU's clock speed, which is measured in hertz.
- Instruction set: An instruction set, also known as instruction set architecture (ISA), is a part of the computer that pertains to programming, which is basically the CPU's "language".
- Cache memory: Cache memory is a small-sized type of volatile computer memory that provides high-speed data access to a processor and stores frequently used computer programs, applications and data.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Central processing unit
- Wikipedia's article - Central processing unit
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