Cephalic index

Cephalic Index

The Cephalic Index (pronounced: /sɛˈfælɪk ˈɪndɛks/) is a numerical value derived from the measurement of the width of the head divided by its maximum length (both measurements taken in the horizontal plane). The index is used in physical anthropology, craniometry, and comparative anatomy to categorize animal species and human populations based on the shape of the skull.

Etymology

The term "Cephalic Index" originates from the Greek word "kephalē", meaning head, and the Latin word "index", meaning indicator or pointer. It was first used in the 19th century by Swedish anatomist Anders Retzius.

Calculation

The Cephalic Index is calculated by dividing the maximum width of the head by its maximum length, then multiplying the result by 100. The resulting value is used to classify the individual's head shape into one of three categories: dolichocephalic (long-headed), mesocephalic (medium-headed), or brachycephalic (short-headed).

Classification

• Dolichocephalic: A cephalic index of less than 75. These individuals have a longer anteroposterior dimension compared to the width of the head.
• Mesocephalic: A cephalic index between 75 and 80. These individuals have a balanced head shape, neither too long nor too wide.
• Brachycephalic: A cephalic index of more than 80. These individuals have a wider head compared to its length.

Related Terms

• Craniometry: The scientific measurement of skulls and study of skull shapes.
• Anthropometry: The study of the measurements and proportions of the human body.
• Phrenology: A pseudoscience involving the measurement of bumps on the skull to predict mental traits.

See Also

• Anders Retzius
• Physical Anthropology
• Comparative Anatomy

External links

• Medical encyclopedia article on Cephalic index
• Wikipedia's article - Cephalic index

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