Cholinergic agonist
Cholinergic Agonist
A Cholinergic Agonist (pronunciation: koh-lin-er-jik a-go-nist) is a type of drug that mimics the action of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter in the body.
Etymology
The term "Cholinergic Agonist" is derived from the words "choline", a vital nutrient, and "agonist", which refers to a substance that initiates a physiological response when combined with a receptor.
Definition
Cholinergic Agonists are drugs that stimulate the Parasympathetic Nervous System by mimicking the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. They bind to cholinergic receptors, triggering a series of responses that can include muscle contraction, slowing of the heart rate, increased salivation, and other effects.
Types of Cholinergic Agonists
There are two main types of Cholinergic Agonists:
- Direct-acting Cholinergic Agonists: These drugs bind directly to the cholinergic receptor and activate it. Examples include Acetylcholine, Bethanechol, and Pilocarpine.
- Indirect-acting Cholinergic Agonists: These drugs inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which breaks down acetylcholine in the synapse. This increases the amount of acetylcholine available to stimulate the receptors. Examples include Donepezil, Galantamine, and Rivastigmine.
Uses
Cholinergic Agonists are used in the treatment of a variety of medical conditions, including Glaucoma, Alzheimer's Disease, Myasthenia Gravis, and certain types of urinary incontinence.
Side Effects
Potential side effects of Cholinergic Agonists can include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, increased salivation, and in some cases, slow heart rate or low blood pressure.
Related Terms
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