Chromosome 22
Chromosome 22
Chromosome 22 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. Humans normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 22 is the second smallest human chromosome, spanning about 50 million base pairs and representing between 1.5 and 2% of the total DNA in cells.
Pronunciation
Chromosome 22 is pronounced as "kroh-muh-sohm twen-tee-too".
Etymology
The term "chromosome" comes from the Greek words "chroma" or color and "soma" or body. The number 22 refers to its position in the human genome.
Related Terms
- Genome: The complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism.
- DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material which is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.
- Gene: A unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.
- Base pair: A pair of complementary bases in a double-stranded nucleic acid molecule, consisting of a purine in one strand linked by hydrogen bonds to a pyrimidine in the other.
Diseases and Disorders
Chromosome 22 is known to be associated with various diseases and disorders. Some of these include:
- DiGeorge Syndrome: A syndrome caused by the deletion of a small piece of chromosome 22.
- Phelan-McDermid Syndrome: A condition that typically results from the loss of a small piece of chromosome 22 in each cell.
- Emanuel Syndrome: A chromosomal disorder that occurs when a child inherits a specific rearranged chromosome 22 from a parent.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Chromosome 22
- Wikipedia's article - Chromosome 22
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