DNA Repair
DNA Repair
DNA Repair (pronounced: dee-en-ay reh-pair) is a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome. In human cells, both normal metabolic activities and environmental factors such as radiation can cause DNA damage, resulting in as many as 1 million individual molecular lesions per cell per day.
Etymology
The term "DNA Repair" is derived from the English language. "DNA" is an acronym for deoxyribonucleic acid, the molecular carrier of genetic information in living organisms and many viruses. "Repair" comes from the Latin "reparare", meaning to make ready again, renew or restore.
Related Terms
- DNA Damage (naturally occurring): DNA damage is an alteration in the chemical structure of DNA, such as a break in a strand of DNA, a base missing from the backbone of DNA, or a chemically changed base such as 8-OHdG. Damage to DNA that occurs naturally can result from metabolic or hydrolytic processes.
- DNA Replication: DNA replication is the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself during cell division.
- Mutagenesis: Mutagenesis is a process by which the genetic information of an organism is changed, resulting in a mutation. It may occur spontaneously in nature, or as a result of exposure to mutagens.
- Genome Stability: Genome stability refers to the series of cellular processes that work to prevent genome mutations.
- DNA Damage Response: DNA damage response is a complex signal transduction pathway that is induced by DNA damage and leads to DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, or cell death.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on DNA Repair
- Wikipedia's article - DNA Repair
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