DNA testing
DNA Testing
DNA testing (pronounced: /diː.en.eɪ/ 'testing'), also known as DNA profiling or genetic testing, is a type of biotechnological procedure that is used to determine the genetic information contained within a person's DNA.
Etymology
The term "DNA testing" is derived from the initialism for deoxyribonucleic acid, which is the molecule that carries genetic instructions in all living organisms. The word "testing" comes from the Old French tester meaning "to bear witness".
Definition
DNA testing involves extracting DNA from cells, often in a sample of blood, hair, skin, amniotic fluid (the fluid around a fetus), or other tissue. The DNA is then analyzed in a laboratory to identify changes in genes, chromosomes, or proteins that could indicate a genetic condition or help determine a person's chance of developing or passing on a genetic disorder.
Types of DNA Testing
There are several types of DNA tests, including:
- Paternity DNA testing: This test determines if a man is the biological father of a child.
- Prenatal DNA testing: This test is done during pregnancy to identify potential genetic disorders in a fetus.
- Forensic DNA testing: This test is used in criminal investigations to identify suspects or victims.
- Ancestry DNA testing: This test is used to trace a person's ancestry and genealogical heritage.
Related Terms
- Genome: The complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism.
- Chromosome: A thread-like structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
- Gene: A unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.
- Genetic disorder: A disease that is caused by an abnormality in an individual's DNA.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on DNA testing
- Wikipedia's article - DNA testing
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