Fibroblast Growth Factor
Fibroblast Growth Factor (pronunciation: fy-broh-blast grohth fak-ter) is a family of growth factors involved in a variety of biological processes. The term "Fibroblast Growth Factor" is derived from the Greek words "fibra" meaning fiber, "blastos" meaning germ, "growth" meaning increase in size, and "factor" meaning a contributing element.
Overview
Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) is a family of cell signaling proteins that are involved in a wide variety of processes, most notably as crucial elements for normal development. These include regulation of cell growth and division, wound healing, and angiogenesis, the formation of blood vessels. Any irregularities in their function lead to a range of developmental defects.
Types
There are 23 known types of FGF in humans, all of which are structurally related. The most well-known types are FGF1, also known as Acidic Fibroblast Growth Factor (aFGF), and FGF2, also known as Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF).
Function
FGFs bind to Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR), which activates the receptor and stimulates cell division, growth, and differentiation. FGFs are also involved in the development of the nervous system and the maintenance of the adult brain.
Clinical Significance
Abnormalities in the function of FGFs or FGFRs can lead to a variety of medical conditions. For example, mutations in FGFRs have been identified in several types of cancer, including lung and breast cancers. FGFs are also being investigated for their potential use in the treatment of various conditions, such as chronic wounds and neurodegenerative diseases.
Related Terms
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