G banding
G banding
G banding (pronounced: gee band-ing), also known as Giemsa banding, is a technique used in cytogenetics to produce a visible karyotype by staining condensed chromosomes. It was first developed by Torbjörn Caspersson, Lore Zech, and their colleagues in 1970.
Etymology
The term "G banding" is derived from the name of the stain used in the process, Giemsa stain, which was named after the German chemist and bacteriologist Gustav Giemsa. The term "banding" refers to the pattern of light and dark bands that appear on the chromosomes when viewed under a microscope after staining.
Procedure
The G banding technique involves treating chromosomes with a solution of trypsin, a proteolytic enzyme, and then staining them with Giemsa stain. The trypsin treatment partially digests the proteins in the chromosomes, allowing the stain to bind more effectively. The resulting pattern of bands can be used to identify individual chromosomes and to detect structural abnormalities.
Related Terms
- Cytogenetics: The branch of genetics that studies the structure and function of cells, especially the chromosomes.
- Chromosomes: Thread-like structures located inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells.
- Giemsa stain: A stain used in cytogenetics, named after Gustav Giemsa, a German chemist who created the stain.
- Trypsin: An enzyme that helps break down proteins in the digestive system. In G banding, it is used to treat the chromosomes before staining.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on G banding
- Wikipedia's article - G banding
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