Garrod's tetrad
Garrod's Tetrad
Garrod's Tetrad (pronounced: gair-rodz te-trad) is a medical term referring to a group of four symptoms or conditions that are often seen together. The term is named after Sir Archibald Edward Garrod, a British physician who was a pioneer in the study of biochemical genetics.
Etymology
The term "Garrod's Tetrad" is derived from the name of Sir Archibald Edward Garrod, who first described the four conditions that make up the tetrad. The word "tetrad" comes from the Greek word "tetras", which means "four".
Definition
Garrod's Tetrad refers to the four conditions that are often seen together in patients. These conditions are:
1. Alkaptonuria 2. Cystinuria 3. Pentosuria 4. Albinism
Each of these conditions is a type of inborn error of metabolism, a term also coined by Garrod. These conditions are all caused by genetic mutations that affect the body's ability to metabolize certain substances.
Related Terms
- Biochemical Genetics: The study of the relationships between genes and the biochemical pathways they control.
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism: A group of rare genetic disorders in which the body cannot properly turn food into energy.
- Alkaptonuria: A condition in which the body cannot process certain amino acids, leading to a buildup of a substance called alkapton in the urine.
- Cystinuria: A condition characterized by the buildup of the amino acid cystine in the kidneys and bladder, leading to the formation of cystine stones.
- Pentosuria: A condition in which the body is unable to metabolize a type of sugar called pentose, leading to its excretion in the urine.
- Albinism: A group of genetic conditions that cause a lack of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Garrod's tetrad
- Wikipedia's article - Garrod's tetrad
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