Gum disease
Gum disease
Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease (pronounced: puh-ree-uh-DON-tul), is a common oral health condition that affects the gums, or the soft tissue surrounding the teeth.
Etymology
The term "periodontal" comes from the Greek words "peri," meaning around, and "odont," meaning tooth. Thus, periodontal disease refers to diseases around the tooth.
Definition
Gum disease is characterized by inflammation and infection of the gums and other structures that support the teeth. It is primarily caused by bacteria in dental plaque, a sticky, colorless film that constantly forms on the teeth.
Types of Gum Disease
There are two main types of gum disease: gingivitis and periodontitis.
- Gingivitis (pronounced: jin-juh-VY-tis) is the milder, reversible form of gum disease that only affects the gums. It is often the result of inadequate oral hygiene.
- Periodontitis (pronounced: puh-ree-uh-don-TIE-tis) is a more severe form of gum disease that can damage the soft tissue and bone that support the teeth. If left untreated, it can lead to tooth loss.
Symptoms
Symptoms of gum disease may include:
- Swollen or tender gums
- Bleeding gums during brushing or flossing
- Receding gums
- Persistent bad breath
- Loose teeth
- Changes in the way teeth fit together when biting
Prevention and Treatment
Prevention and treatment of gum disease involve regular dental check-ups, good oral hygiene practices such as brushing and flossing daily, and quitting smoking. Treatment may also involve professional dental cleaning, scaling and root planing, and in severe cases, surgical treatments.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Gum disease
- Wikipedia's article - Gum disease
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