Hemispherotomy
Hemispherotomy
Hemispherotomy (pronunciation: /ˌhɛmɪsfɪəˈrɒtəmi/) is a surgical procedure performed on the brain to treat a variety of seizure disorders, particularly those that are resistant to medication.
Etymology
The term "hemispherotomy" is derived from the Greek words "hemi" meaning half, "sphaira" meaning sphere, and "tome" meaning cutting. Thus, it refers to the surgical procedure of cutting or disconnecting a hemisphere of the brain.
Procedure
In a hemispherotomy, a surgeon disconnects one hemisphere of the brain to prevent the spread of seizure activity from one side of the brain to the other. This is typically done in cases where one hemisphere is significantly damaged or malformed and is causing severe, uncontrolled seizures. The procedure is most commonly performed on children, as their brains are more adaptable and can often compensate for the loss of function in one hemisphere.
Types of Hemispherotomy
There are several types of hemispherotomy procedures, including the anatomical hemispherotomy, functional hemispherotomy, and the peri-insular hemispherotomy. The type of procedure chosen depends on the specific needs and condition of the patient.
Risks and Complications
As with any surgical procedure, there are risks associated with a hemispherotomy. These can include infection, bleeding, and complications from anesthesia. Additionally, there can be neurological deficits following the procedure, such as weakness on one side of the body or difficulties with speech and language.
Related Terms
- Epilepsy: A neurological disorder marked by sudden recurrent episodes of sensory disturbance, loss of consciousness, or convulsions, associated with abnormal electrical activity in the brain.
- Neurosurgery: The surgical specialty involved in the treatment of disorders of the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves.
- Seizure: A sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Hemispherotomy
- Wikipedia's article - Hemispherotomy
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