Human blood group systems
Human Blood Group Systems
The Human Blood Group Systems are the classification of human blood based on the presence or absence of antigens on the surface of red blood cells. These antigens can be proteins, carbohydrates, glycoproteins, or glycolipids. The blood group systems are important in blood transfusion and organ transplantation.
Pronunciation
- Human: /ˈhjuːmən/
- Blood: /blʌd/
- Group: /ɡruːp/
- Systems: /ˈsɪstɪmz/
Etymology
The term "Human Blood Group Systems" is derived from the following words:
- Human: From Latin "humanus" meaning "of man, human".
- Blood: From Old English "blod" meaning "blood".
- Group: From French "groupe" meaning "cluster, group".
- Systems: From Latin "systema" meaning "an organized whole".
Related Terms
- Antigen: A substance that can induce an immune response.
- Red Blood Cells: Cells in the blood that carry oxygen.
- Blood Transfusion: The process of transferring blood from one person (the donor) into another person (the recipient).
- Organ Transplantation: The surgical operation where a failing or damaged organ in the human body is removed and replaced with a new one.
Blood Group Systems
There are 36 recognized human blood group systems, including the ABO system, the Rh system, and the Kell system. Each system is defined by a unique antigen (or set of antigens) and can have multiple blood types within the system.
ABO System
The ABO system is the most important blood group system in human blood transfusion. The ABO system has four main types: A, B, AB, and O.
Rh System
The Rh system is the second most significant blood group system. It consists of 50 defined blood-group antigens, among which the five antigens D, C, c, E, and e are the most important.
Kell System
The Kell system is a group of antigens on the red blood cell surface which are important in transfusion medicine.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Human blood group systems
- Wikipedia's article - Human blood group systems
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