Hyaline membrane disease
Hyaline Membrane Disease
Hyaline Membrane Disease (HMD), also known as Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) or Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS), is a neonatal condition that affects premature infants. Pronounced as "hi-a-lin mem-brane dis-ease", the term originates from the Greek words "hyalos" meaning glass and "membrana" meaning membrane, referring to the glassy appearance of the lungs' membranes affected by the disease.
Definition
Hyaline Membrane Disease is a serious lung disorder primarily affecting newborns, especially those born prematurely. It is characterized by the formation of a hyaline-like membrane in the alveoli (tiny air sacs in the lungs), which hinders the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Symptoms
The primary symptom of HMD is respiratory distress, which may manifest as rapid, shallow breathing, flaring nostrils, and a blue coloration of the skin due to lack of oxygen (cyanosis). Other symptoms may include grunting sounds during breathing and a decreased urine output.
Causes
HMD is caused by a deficiency in surfactant, a substance produced in the lungs that prevents the alveoli from collapsing. This deficiency is often due to premature birth, as the production of surfactant usually begins late in pregnancy.
Treatment
Treatment for HMD may include supplemental oxygen, mechanical ventilation, and surfactant replacement therapy. The goal of treatment is to support the baby's breathing while their lungs mature and begin to produce their own surfactant.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Hyaline membrane disease
- Wikipedia's article - Hyaline membrane disease
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