Hypertonia

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Hypertonia (pronounced: hi-per-toh-nee-uh) is a medical term that refers to an abnormal increase in muscle tension and a reduced ability of a muscle to stretch. It is often a symptom of various neurological disorders.

Etymology

The term "Hypertonia" is derived from the Greek words "hyper" meaning over or excessive, and "tonos" meaning tension.

Definition

Hypertonia is characterized by the excessive muscle tone which leads to stiffness and resistance to movement. It can be caused by damage to the central nervous system, such as in the motor areas of the brain or spinal cord. This damage can occur due to conditions like stroke, cerebral palsy, or brain injury.

Symptoms

Symptoms of hypertonia can vary from slight stiffness and resistance to movement to severe, painful spasms. These symptoms can affect any muscle in the body, but are most common in the limbs, neck, and trunk.

Types

There are two main types of hypertonia: spastic hypertonia and dystonic hypertonia. Spastic hypertonia is characterized by velocity-dependent resistance to stretch, whereas dystonic hypertonia is characterized by simultaneous co-contraction of agonist and antagonist muscles.

Treatment

Treatment for hypertonia typically involves a combination of physical therapy, medication, and sometimes surgery. The goal of treatment is to improve mobility and function, reduce pain, and prevent complications.

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