Hypnic headache
Hypnic Headache
Hypnic headache (/ˈhɪpnɪk ˈhɛdeɪk/; from Greek hypnos, "sleep") is a rare primary headache disorder characterized by recurrent headaches that occur exclusively during sleep. The condition is also known as "alarm clock headache," as the headaches often awaken the individual at the same time each night.
Definition
A hypnic headache is a primary headache disorder, meaning it is not caused by another condition. The International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD) defines hypnic headache as a disorder characterized by recurrent headaches that occur exclusively during sleep, awaken the individual, and are not associated with any other sleep disorder.
Symptoms
The primary symptom of a hypnic headache is a dull headache that awakens the individual from sleep. The headache typically occurs at the same time each night and lasts for 15 minutes to 4 hours. Other symptoms may include nausea, photophobia (sensitivity to light), and phonophobia (sensitivity to sound).
Causes
The exact cause of hypnic headaches is unknown. Some researchers believe they may be related to rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, while others suggest they may be caused by changes in blood pressure or hormone levels during sleep.
Treatment
Treatment for hypnic headaches typically involves medication to prevent the headaches from occurring. This may include lithium, indomethacin, or caffeine. In some cases, melatonin or other sleep aids may be used to regulate sleep patterns and prevent the headaches.
See also
References
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Hypnic headache
- Wikipedia's article - Hypnic headache
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