Integral membrane proteins
Integral Membrane Proteins
Integral membrane proteins (pronunciation: /ɪnˈtɛɡrəl ˈmɛmbreɪn ˈproʊtiːnz/), also known as integral proteins, are a type of protein that is permanently attached to the biological membrane. They play a crucial role in various biological functions, including cell adhesion, cell signaling, and transport of molecules across the membrane.
Etymology
The term "integral" is derived from the Latin word "integer", meaning "whole" or "complete". This refers to the fact that these proteins are fully embedded within the membrane. The term "membrane" comes from the Latin "membrana", meaning "skin" or "parchment", and "protein" is derived from the Greek "proteios", meaning "primary" or "in the lead".
Structure
Integral membrane proteins have a unique structure that allows them to interact with the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. They are composed of amino acids with hydrophobic (water-repelling) and hydrophilic (water-attracting) properties, which enable them to exist in the lipid-rich environment of the membrane.
Function
Integral membrane proteins perform a variety of functions, including:
- Transport: They facilitate the movement of substances across the cell membrane.
- Enzymatic activity: They act as enzymes, speeding up chemical reactions.
- Signal transduction: They transmit signals from outside the cell to inside the cell.
- Cell adhesion: They help cells stick together.
Related Terms
- Peripheral membrane proteins: These proteins are temporarily attached to the lipid bilayer or to other integral proteins.
- Transmembrane proteins: A type of integral protein that spans the entirety of the biological membrane.
- Lipid-anchored proteins: These proteins are attached to the lipid bilayer through a covalently attached lipid molecule.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Integral membrane proteins
- Wikipedia's article - Integral membrane proteins
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