Ionization
Ionization
Ionization (/aɪˌɒnɪˈzeɪʃən/) is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons, often in conjunction with other chemical changes. The resulting electrically charged atom or molecule is called an ion.
Etymology
The term "ionization" was coined in the early 20th century from the Greek word "ion" which means "going", referring to the movement of charged particles.
Process
Ionization can occur through several processes including collision, photoionization, and radioactive decay. In each of these processes, an electron is either added to an atom, creating a negative ion, or removed from an atom, creating a positive ion.
Ionization Energy
The energy required to remove an electron from an atom or molecule is known as the Ionization energy. This energy is often expressed in units of electron volts (eV) or kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol).
Related Terms
- Ion: An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.
- Cation: A positively charged ion, i.e., one that would be attracted to the cathode in electrolysis.
- Anion: A negatively charged ion, i.e., one that would be attracted to the anode in electrolysis.
- Electron: A subatomic particle with a negative electric charge.
- Proton: A subatomic particle with a positive electric charge.
- Neutron: A subatomic particle with no electric charge.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Ionization
- Wikipedia's article - Ionization
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