Keratinization
Keratinization
Keratinization (pronunciation: /kɛrətɪnaɪˈzeɪʃən/) is a biological process in which keratinocytes, the predominant cell type in the epidermis, produce and fill up with the protein keratin and eventually die off, forming a protective layer on the surface of the skin, hair, and nails.
Etymology
The term "keratinization" is derived from the word "keratin", which itself originates from the Greek word "κέρας" (keras), meaning "horn". The suffix "-ization" is added to denote the process of becoming or making into keratin.
Process
Keratinization begins in the stratum basale, the deepest layer of the epidermis, where keratinocytes are produced. These cells then move up through the layers of the epidermis, undergoing changes in their structure and composition. As they reach the stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the skin, they have become fully keratinized and are referred to as corneocytes. These dead, keratin-filled cells form a tough, protective barrier that helps to prevent water loss and protect against environmental damage.
Related Terms
- Keratin: A type of fibrous protein that makes up the outer layer of skin, as well as hair and nails.
- Keratinocyte: The primary type of cell found in the epidermis, responsible for the production of keratin.
- Stratum basale: The deepest layer of the epidermis, where keratinocytes are produced.
- Stratum corneum: The outermost layer of the skin, composed of dead, keratinized cells.
- Corneocyte: A dead, keratin-filled cell found in the stratum corneum.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Keratinization
- Wikipedia's article - Keratinization
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