Microbiology
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R. Tumpati M.D.. Founder, WikiMD and W8MD Weight Loss, Sleep and MedSpa Centers.
Dr. Tumpati is board certified physician practicing sleep medicine, obesity medicine, aesthetic medicine and internal medicine. Dr. Tumpati’s passion is prevention rather than cure. As a physician with fellowship training in Obesity Medicine, Dr. Tumpati has a unique approach to wellness, weight loss, aesthetics with a focus on prevention rather than cure. Dr. Tumpati believes in educating the public on the true science and art of medicine, nutrition, wellness and beauty.
|
WikiMD Resources for Microbiology |
|
Articles |
|---|
|
Most recent articles on Microbiology Most cited articles on Microbiology |
|
Media |
|
Powerpoint slides on Microbiology |
|
Evidence Based Medicine |
|
Clinical Trials |
|
Ongoing Trials on Microbiology at Clinical Trials.gov Clinical Trials on Microbiology at Google
|
|
Guidelines / Policies / Govt |
|
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Microbiology
|
|
Books |
|
News |
|
Commentary |
|
Definitions |
|
Patient Resources / Community |
|
Patient resources on Microbiology Discussion groups on Microbiology Patient Handouts on Microbiology Directions to Hospitals Treating Microbiology Risk calculators and risk factors for Microbiology
|
|
Healthcare Provider Resources |
|
Causes & Risk Factors for Microbiology |
|
Continuing Medical Education (CME) |
|
International |
|
|
|
Business |
|
Experimental / Informatics |
Microbiology is the study of microorganisms, or microbes including unicellular (single-celled) eukaryotes and prokaryotes, such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses. In other words, Microbiology is the branch of biology that studies microorganisms and their effects on humans.
Microbiologists have made many fundamental contributions to biology, especially in the fields of biochemistry, genetics, and cell biology. Microbes have many traits that make them ideal model organisms:
- They are small, therefore they do not consume many resources
- Some have very short generation times (~30 minutes for E. coli)
- Cells can easily survive in isolation from other cells
- They can reproduce by mitotic division, allowing for the propagation of genetically identical (clonal) populations.
- They may be frozen for long periods of time. Even if 90% of the cells are killed by the freezing process, there are millions of cells in a milliliter of liquid culture.
These traits allowed Joshua and Esther Lederberg to devise an elegant experiment in 1951 demonstrating that adaptive mutations arise from preadaptation rather than directed mutation. For this purpose, they invented replica plating, which allowed them to transfer numerous bacterial colonies from their specific locations on one agar-filled petri dish to analogous locations on several other petri dishes. After replicating a plate of E. coli, they exposed each of the new plates to phage. They observed that phage-resistant colonies were present at analogous locations on each of the plates, allowing them to conclude that the phage resistance trait had existed in the original colony, which had never been exposed to phage, instead of arising after the bacteria had been exposed to the virus.
The extensive characterization of microbes has allowed them to be used as tools in other branches of biology:
- Bacteria (especially E. coli) may be used to replicate DNA in the form of a plasmid. This DNA is often chemically modified in vitro then inserted into bacteria to select for the desired traits and isolate the desired product from by-products of the reaction. After growing the bacteria and thereby replicating the DNA, the DNA may be further modified and inserted into other organisms.
- Bacteria may be used to produce large amounts of protein using genes encoded on a plasmid
- Bacterial genes have been inserted into other organisms as reporter genes.
- The yeast two-hybrid system combines bacterial genes with genes from the organism being studied and inserts them into yeast cells to study protein-protein interactions within a cellular environment.
- See also Immunology -- bacteriology-- --Virology -- Genetics -- Biochemistry -- Geomicrobiology --Biology-- Glossary of microbiology
External resources
- University of South Caeolina MicrobiologyOn-line textbook of microbiology that covers all aspects of microbiology and immunology.
|
|
Disclaimer: The entire contents of WIKIMD.ORG are for informational purposes only and do not render medical advice or professional services. If you have a medical emergency, you should CALL 911 immediately! Given the nature of the wiki, the information provided may not be accurate, misleading and or incorrect. Use the information on this wiki at your own risk! See full Disclaimer. * Individual results may vary for weight loss from our sponsors.
Our sponsors WikiMD is supported by W8MD weight loss, sleep and medical aesthetic centers.
