Phenanthrene
Phenanthrene
Phenanthrene (pronunciation: /fɪˈnænθriːn/) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) consisting of three fused benzene rings. The name 'phenanthrene' is a composite part of the words 'phenyl' and 'anthracene' and indicates its derivation and family.
Etymology
The term 'phenanthrene' is derived from two Greek words: 'phainein' meaning 'to show', and 'anthracene', a type of hydrocarbon from which phenanthrene is derived. The compound was first isolated in 1912.
Structure and Properties
Phenanthrene is a crystalline, aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of three fused benzene rings. The molecule is flat and rectangular; the central ring is shared by the other two. It is a white crystalline solid with a floral odor.
Related Compounds
Phenanthrene is related to a number of other chemical compounds, including:
- Anthracene: A solid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon of formula C14H10, consisting of three fused benzene rings. It is a component of coal tar.
- Naphthalene: A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon made up of two fused benzene rings. It is most commonly derived from coal tar.
- Pyrene: A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of four fused benzene rings, resulting in a flat aromatic system.
Health Effects
Exposure to phenanthrene can cause skin and eye irritation, and prolonged exposure can lead to more serious health effects such as respiratory problems and even cancer. It is considered a possible human carcinogen.
Environmental Impact
Phenanthrene is persistent in the environment and can cause harm to aquatic life. It is also a major component of second-hand smoke and vehicle exhaust, contributing to air pollution.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Phenanthrene
- Wikipedia's article - Phenanthrene
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