Physical urticaria
Physical Urticaria
Physical Urticaria (pronounced: ur-ti-kar-ee-uh), also known as Physical Hives, is a subtype of Urticaria or hives, that is triggered by physical stimuli such as heat, cold, pressure, exercise, or sun exposure.
Etymology
The term 'Urticaria' is derived from the Latin word 'urtica', meaning 'nettle', due to the similar skin reaction caused by the plant. The prefix 'Physical' is added to denote the physical stimuli that trigger the condition.
Symptoms
Physical Urticaria is characterized by the sudden appearance of wheals (swollen, red bumps or plaques on the skin) or angioedema (swelling of the deeper layers of the skin). These symptoms usually occur within an hour of exposure to a triggering physical stimulus and can last for a few hours to a day. Other symptoms may include itching, burning, or stinging sensation at the site of the wheals.
Types
There are several types of Physical Urticaria, including:
- Dermatographism or 'skin writing', which is triggered by scratching or firm pressure on the skin.
- Cholinergic Urticaria, which is triggered by an increase in body temperature due to exercise, hot showers, or emotional stress.
- Cold Urticaria, which is triggered by exposure to cold temperatures or cold objects.
- Solar Urticaria, which is triggered by exposure to sunlight or artificial light sources emitting UV radiation.
- Pressure Urticaria, which is triggered by sustained pressure on the skin, such as from tight clothing or prolonged sitting.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of Physical Urticaria is based on the patient's medical history and physical examination. The doctor may perform a physical challenge test, where the suspected physical stimulus is applied to the skin to see if it triggers a hive. In some cases, additional tests such as blood tests or skin biopsy may be needed to rule out other conditions.
Treatment
Treatment of Physical Urticaria involves avoiding the triggering physical stimuli, if possible, and managing the symptoms. Medications such as antihistamines are commonly used to reduce itching and swelling. In severe cases, other treatments such as corticosteroids or immunosuppressants may be used.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Physical urticaria
- Wikipedia's article - Physical urticaria
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