Physostigmine

Physostigmine (pronounced fy-so-STIG-meen) is a parasympathomimetic alkaloid, specifically, a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor. It is obtained from the Calabar bean and is used medicinally to treat certain types of poisonings as well as to treat glaucoma and delay the onset of myasthenia gravis.

Etymology

The term "physostigmine" is derived from Physostigma venenosum, the scientific name for the Calabar bean, from which the compound is extracted. The name "Calabar" comes from the geographical location in Nigeria where the bean is commonly found.

Related Terms

Cholinesterase inhibitor: A type of medication that increases the amount of acetylcholine in the body. Physostigmine is a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor.
Parasympathomimetic: A type of drug that stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system. Physostigmine is a parasympathomimetic alkaloid.
Alkaloid: A class of naturally occurring organic compounds that mostly contain basic nitrogen atoms. Physostigmine is an alkaloid.
Glaucoma: A group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, often caused by an abnormally high pressure in your eye. Physostigmine is used to treat glaucoma.
Myasthenia gravis: A chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disease that causes weakness in the skeletal muscles. Physostigmine is used to delay the onset of myasthenia gravis.
Calabar bean: A poisonous bean-like seed from the plant Physostigma venenosum, native to West Africa. Physostigmine is obtained from the Calabar bean.