Protein kinases
Protein Kinases
Protein kinases (pronunciation: /ˈproʊtiːn kaɪˈneɪsɪz/) are a group of enzymes that modify other proteins by chemically adding phosphate groups to them (phosphorylation).
Etymology
The term "Protein kinase" is derived from the Greek words 'proteios' meaning 'first' and 'kinase' from 'kinetikos' meaning 'pertaining to motion'.
Function
Protein kinases play a key role in regulating cellular activities such as cell division, metabolism, and signal transduction. They are involved in a wide range of cellular processes and are critical for the function of the cell.
Types
There are two main types of protein kinases: serine/threonine kinases and tyrosine kinases.
- Serine/Threonine Kinases (pronunciation: /ˈserɪn/ /θriːˈoʊniːn/ /kaɪˈneɪsɪz/) phosphorylate proteins on serine or threonine residues.
- Tyrosine Kinases (pronunciation: /taɪˈroʊsiːn/ /kaɪˈneɪsɪz/) phosphorylate proteins on tyrosine residues.
Related Terms
- Phosphorylation (pronunciation: /fɒsˌfɔːrɪˈleɪʃən/): The process of adding a phosphate group to a protein or other organic molecule.
- Enzymes (pronunciation: /ˈɛnzaɪmz/): Proteins that act as biological catalysts.
- Signal Transduction (pronunciation: /ˈsɪɡnəl trænsˈdʌkʃən/): The process by which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a cell.
- Metabolism (pronunciation: /mɪˈtæbəlɪzəm/): The set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms.
- Cell Division (pronunciation: /sɛl dɪˈvɪʒən/): The process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Protein kinases
- Wikipedia's article - Protein kinases
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