Quantile
Quantile
Quantile (pronounced: /ˈkwɒntaɪl/) is a statistical term that refers to dividing a probability distribution into continuous intervals with equal probabilities, or dividing a dataset into subsets of equal sizes.
Etymology
The term 'Quantile' is derived from the Latin word 'Quantus' which means 'how much' and the suffix '-ile' which is used in English to form adjectives of 'having the nature of'.
Definition
In Statistics, a Quantile is a cut point dividing the range of a probability distribution into continuous intervals with equal probabilities, or dividing a dataset into subsets of equal sizes. In simple terms, if you were to sort a dataset in ascending order, the quantile would be the value below which a certain percent of the data falls.
Types of Quantiles
There are several types of quantiles, including:
- Quartile: This divides the data into four equal parts. The first quartile (Q1) is the middle number between the smallest number and the median of the dataset. The second quartile (Q2) is the median of the data. The third quartile (Q3) is the middle value between the median and the highest value of the data set.
- Percentile: This divides the data into 100 equal parts.
- Decile: This divides the data into 10 equal parts.
- Quintile: This divides the data into 5 equal parts.
Usage
Quantiles are used in both descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. They are particularly useful in the analysis of data from experiments and surveys, and in the construction of probability distributions and cumulative distribution functions.
Related Terms
- Median: The value separating the higher half from the lower half of a data sample. In simple terms, it is the middle value of a data set.
- Interquartile range: The range between the first quartile (Q1) and the third quartile (Q3).
- Box plot: A method for graphically depicting groups of numerical data through their quartiles.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Quantile
- Wikipedia's article - Quantile
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