Quaternary ammonium compounds
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (pronunciation: kwuh-tur-nuh-ree am-uh-nuh-um kom-pounds) are a group of antimicrobial agents that are considered to be cationic detergents. They are also known as quats and are part of the larger group of compounds referred to as surfactants.
Etymology
The term "quaternary ammonium" is derived from the fact that these compounds contain a nitrogen atom with four substituents and a positive charge. The term "compound" refers to the combination of these atoms in a specific arrangement.
Chemical Structure
Quaternary ammonium compounds are nitrogenous organic compounds. The nitrogen atom in these compounds carries a positive charge, which is balanced by an anion. The four substituents attached to the nitrogen atom can be a combination of alkyl or aryl groups.
Uses
Quaternary ammonium compounds have a wide range of uses. They are commonly used as disinfectants, sanitizers, and fabric softeners. In the medical field, they are used as antiseptics and in ophthalmology for their antimicrobial properties.
Related Compounds
Related compounds include other types of ammonium compounds such as primary, secondary, and tertiary ammonium compounds. These compounds differ in the number of substituents attached to the nitrogen atom.
Safety
While quaternary ammonium compounds are generally safe for use, they can cause skin and eye irritation. They can also be toxic if ingested in large amounts.
See Also
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