Role of microglia in disease
Role of Microglia in Disease
Microglia (pronounced: my-crow-glee-uh) are a type of glial cell that are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system. They play a crucial role in the maintenance of the brain's homeostasis and respond to pathological events in the brain.
Etymology
The term "microglia" is derived from the Greek words "mikros" meaning small, and "glia" meaning glue. This term was coined by Pío del Río-Hortega, a Spanish neuroscientist, who is considered one of the pioneers of neurology.
Role in Disease
Microglia are involved in various neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and stroke. They contribute to disease progression through the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species.
In Alzheimer's disease, microglia surround the amyloid plaques and appear to be involved in the clearance of these plaques. However, their role in disease progression is complex and not fully understood.
In Parkinson's disease, microglia are activated in response to neuronal death and contribute to neuroinflammation, which is thought to further drive neuronal death.
In multiple sclerosis, microglia are involved in the formation of lesions in the brain and spinal cord. They contribute to inflammation and demyelination, which are key features of the disease.
In stroke, microglia are rapidly activated and contribute to the inflammatory response following the ischemic event. They are involved in both detrimental and beneficial responses following stroke.
Related Terms
- Neuroinflammation
- Neurodegenerative diseases
- Glial cells
- Central nervous system
- Amyloid plaques
- Neuronal death
- Demyelination
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Role of microglia in disease
- Wikipedia's article - Role of microglia in disease
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