Sensory neuron
Sensory Neuron
A sensory neuron (also known as an afferent neuron) is a type of neuron that is responsible for converting various types of stimuli from the environment into internal electrical impulses. These impulses are then transmitted to the central nervous system for processing.
Pronunciation
sen·so·ry neu·ron
Etymology
The term "sensory neuron" is derived from the Latin word "sensus" meaning "feeling" and the Greek word "neuron" meaning "nerve".
Function
Sensory neurons are responsible for transmitting sensory information to the brain and spinal cord. They do this by converting external stimuli, such as touch, sound, light, or temperature, into internal electrical signals. These signals are then processed by the central nervous system, leading to an appropriate response.
Types of Sensory Neurons
There are several types of sensory neurons, each specialized for detecting different types of stimuli. These include:
- Mechanoreceptors: These sensory neurons respond to mechanical pressure or distortion.
- Thermoreceptors: These sensory neurons respond to changes in temperature.
- Nociceptors: These sensory neurons respond to pain or damage to the body's tissues.
- Photoreceptors: These sensory neurons respond to light and are found in the eye.
- Chemoreceptors: These sensory neurons respond to chemical changes in the environment or the body.
Related Terms
- Neuron
- Central Nervous System
- Brain
- Spinal Cord
- Mechanoreceptors
- Thermoreceptors
- Nociceptors
- Photoreceptors
- Chemoreceptors
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Sensory neuron
- Wikipedia's article - Sensory neuron
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