Sulcus (neuroanatomy)
Sulcus (neuroanatomy)
A sulcus (pronounced: /ˈsʌlkəs/; plural: sulci; from Latin: sulcus, meaning "groove") is a depression or groove in the cerebral cortex. It surrounds a gyrus (pronounced: /ˈdʒaɪrəs/), creating the characteristic folded appearance of the brain in humans and other mammals.
Etymology
The term sulcus is derived from the Latin word sulcus, which translates to "groove" or "furrow". The term was first used in neuroanatomy in the 19th century.
Function
Sulci play a crucial role in increasing the surface area of the brain, allowing for higher function and thought. Each sulcus is associated with a specific brain function, depending on its location in the brain.
Types of Sulci
There are several types of sulci that are commonly recognized in neuroanatomy. These include the Central Sulcus, Lateral Sulcus, and Parieto-occipital Sulcus, among others.
Central Sulcus
The Central Sulcus, also known as the fissure of Rolando, separates the frontal lobe and the parietal lobe.
Lateral Sulcus
The Lateral Sulcus, also known as the Sylvian fissure, separates the frontal lobe and temporal lobe.
Parieto-occipital Sulcus
The Parieto-occipital Sulcus separates the occipital lobe from the parietal lobe.
Related Terms
- Gyrus: A ridge on the cerebral cortex.
- Fissure: A deep sulcus.
- Cerebral Cortex: The outer layer of the cerebrum, composed of folded grey matter.
- Brain Lobes: The divided regions of the cerebral cortex.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Sulcus (neuroanatomy)
- Wikipedia's article - Sulcus (neuroanatomy)
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