Transduction
Transduction (medicine)
Transduction (/trænsˈdʌkʃən/ trans-DUK-shən) is a process in medicine and biology where a cell receives and responds to signals or stimuli from its environment. This process is crucial for the survival and function of cells and ultimately, the organism itself.
Etymology
The term "transduction" originates from the Latin word "transducere", which means "to lead across" or "transfer". In the context of biology and medicine, it refers to the transfer of information from the environment to the cell.
Process
Transduction begins when a signal molecule, such as a hormone or neurotransmitter, binds to a specific receptor on the cell surface. This binding triggers a series of events inside the cell, often involving the activation of proteins and the production of second messenger molecules. These events lead to a response, such as a change in cell behavior or gene expression.
Types of Transduction
There are several types of transduction, including:
- Signal transduction: This is the most common type of transduction in cells. It involves the conversion of a signal from outside the cell into a functional change within the cell.
- Bacterial transduction: This is a method of genetic recombination in bacteria where DNA is transferred from one bacterium to another by a virus.
- Viral transduction: This is a method used in molecular biology where a virus is used to deliver genetic material into a cell.
Related Terms
- Receptor (biochemistry): A protein molecule that receives chemical signals from outside a cell.
- Signal molecule: A chemical that transmits information across cells.
- Second messenger system: A method of cellular signal transduction.
- Gene expression: The process by which information from a gene is used to create a functional product, like a protein.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Transduction
- Wikipedia's article - Transduction
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