ACHE
ACHE
ACHE is an acronym for Acetylcholinesterase, an important enzyme that is primarily found in the nervous system. It is responsible for the breakdown of acetylcholine, a type of neurotransmitter, into choline and acetate. This process is crucial for the proper functioning of the nervous system.
Function
The primary function of ACHE is to terminate synaptic transmission. This is achieved by rapidly hydrolyzing the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. The enzyme is found at neuromuscular junctions and cholinergic brain synapses, where its activity serves to terminate synaptic transmission.
Structure
ACHE is a serine protease, which means it has a serine (Ser) residue at its active site. The enzyme's structure is composed of a catalytic triad of three amino acids: serine (Ser), histidine (His), and glutamate (Glu) or aspartate (Asp).
Clinical Significance
Abnormalities or mutations in the ACHE gene can lead to a variety of medical conditions. For instance, a decrease in ACHE activity can lead to myasthenia gravis, a neuromuscular disease that causes weakness in the skeletal muscles. On the other hand, an increase in ACHE activity can lead to certain types of glaucoma, a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve.
Inhibitors
There are several drugs and toxins that act as ACHE inhibitors. These include organophosphates, which are used in nerve gases and pesticides, and carbamates, which are used in medications and insecticides. These inhibitors work by blocking the action of ACHE, leading to an excess of acetylcholine in the body.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on ACHE
- Wikipedia's article - ACHE
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