AMPA receptor
AMPA receptor
AMPA receptor (pronounced: am-pa re-sep-tor), also known as α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor, is a type of ionotropic receptor that plays a crucial role in the central nervous system's synaptic transmission and plasticity.
Etymology
The term "AMPA receptor" is derived from its ability to bind to the synthetic agonist AMPA (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid).
Function
AMPA receptors are responsible for fast synaptic transmission in the central nervous system (CNS). They are activated by the neurotransmitter glutamate, which causes the receptor to open its ion channel, allowing sodium ions to flow into the cell and potassium ions to flow out. This ion movement creates an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP).
Structure
AMPA receptors are composed of four subunits, each of which is encoded by a different gene: GRIA1, GRIA2, GRIA3, and GRIA4. These subunits form a tetramer, creating a central pore that acts as an ion channel.
Related Terms
- Glutamate receptor: A type of receptor that binds to the neurotransmitter glutamate.
- NMDA receptor: Another type of ionotropic glutamate receptor, which plays a role in synaptic plasticity and memory function.
- Kainate receptor: A type of ionotropic receptor that responds to the neurotransmitter glutamate.
- Long-term potentiation: A long-lasting enhancement in signal transmission between two neurons that results from stimulating them synchronously.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on AMPA receptor
- Wikipedia's article - AMPA receptor
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