Achilles

Peter Paul Rubens 181

The Education of Achilles 1862 Delacroix

The Education of Achilles, by James Barry

Achilleus Lyra

Gaziantep Zeugma Museum Achilles mosaic in 2011 2098

Achilles is a central character in Homer's epic, the Iliad, and a legendary figure in Greek mythology. Known for his unmatched bravery and the strength of his Achilles tendon, which was deemed invulnerable except for one spot, his story has been a focal point of both ancient and modern literature and art. Achilles' role in the Trojan War, his heroic deeds, and his tragic death have been subjects of fascination and study for centuries.

Mythological Background

Achilles was the son of Peleus, the king of the Myrmidons in Phthia (in present-day Greece), and Thetis, a sea nymph. According to myth, Thetis tried to make Achilles immortal by dipping him in the river Styx; however, she held him by his heel, leaving that part of his body vulnerable. This story is the origin of the term "Achilles' heel," referring to a critical weakness in an otherwise strong entity.

Role in the Trojan War

Achilles is best known for his role in the Trojan War, as depicted in the Iliad. His wrath at Agamemnon for taking his war prize, Briseis, sets off a series of events that lead to many heroes' deaths on both sides of the conflict. Despite his mother's warning that joining the war would lead to his early death, Achilles chose the path of glory over a long, uneventful life.

His most notable deeds during the war include the killing of Hector, the Trojan prince, in a duel that is one of the climactic moments of the Iliad. Achilles' death, not depicted in the Iliad but in later works, comes from an arrow shot by Paris, Hector's brother, guided by the god Apollo to his only vulnerable spot, his heel.

Cultural Impact

Achilles' story has had a profound impact on Western culture, symbolizing the ultimate warrior who combines physical strength with a complex moral character. His tale raises questions about fate, honor, wrath, and the human condition, themes that have been explored in countless works of literature and art throughout the centuries.

Legacy

The legacy of Achilles extends beyond literature and art; his name is also associated with the Achilles tendon, the strong fibrous tissue that connects the calf muscles to the heel bone. This anatomical feature plays a crucial role in walking, running, and jumping, highlighting the blend of strength and vulnerability that characterizes Achilles' mythological portrayal.

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