Acinetobacter

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Acinetobacter

Acinetobacter (pronunciation: /ˌæsɪˈnɛtəbæktər/) is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the phylum Proteobacteria.

Etymology

The name Acinetobacter is derived from the Greek words akinētos meaning motionless and baktērion meaning a small rod, referring to the non-motile rod-like structure of the bacteria.

Description

Acinetobacter species are oxidase-negative, exhibit a non-fermentative metabolism, and are known to survive on various surfaces, both in the environment and hospital settings. They are important soil organisms where they contribute to the mineralization of, for example, aromatic compounds.

Clinical significance

Acinetobacter species are a key source of infection in immunocompromised patients, particularly in intensive care units. They are often involved in nosocomial infections, including ventilator-associated pneumonia and bacteremia. They are also a frequent cause of wound and urinary tract infections.

Treatment

Treatment of Acinetobacter infections can be challenging due to the organism's often inherent resistance to many established antibiotics. In many instances, only polymyxins, tigecycline, and in some cases sulbactam are effective.

Related terms

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