Acrocraniofacial dysostosis

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Acrocraniofacial dysostosis
Synonyms	Nager syndrome, Miller syndrome
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Craniofacial dysostosis, limb abnormalities, hearing loss
Complications	Respiratory difficulties, feeding problems
Onset	Congenital
Duration	Lifelong
Types	N/A
Causes	Genetic mutation
Risks	Family history
Diagnosis	Clinical examination, genetic testing
Differential diagnosis	Treacher Collins syndrome, Goldenhar syndrome
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Surgical intervention, hearing aids, speech therapy
Medication	None specific
Prognosis	Variable, depends on severity
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

A rare genetic disorder affecting cranial and facial development

Acrocraniofacial dysostosis is a rare genetic disorder characterized by abnormalities in the development of the skull, face, and limbs. This condition is part of a group of disorders known as craniofacial dysostosis, which involve the premature fusion of certain skull bones and can lead to distinctive facial features and other developmental issues.

Genetics

Acrocraniofacial dysostosis is typically inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. This means that an affected individual must inherit two copies of the mutated gene, one from each parent. The specific genes involved in this disorder have not been fully identified, but it is known to involve mutations that affect the development of bone and cartilage.

Clinical Features

Individuals with acrocraniofacial dysostosis often present with a variety of clinical features, including:

• Craniosynostosis: Premature fusion of the skull bones, leading to an abnormal head shape.
• Hypertelorism: Increased distance between the eyes.
• Midface hypoplasia: Underdevelopment of the middle facial region.
• Micrognathia: A small jaw.
• Limb abnormalities: These can include syndactyly (fusion of fingers or toes) and other limb malformations.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of acrocraniofacial dysostosis is based on clinical examination and imaging studies such as X-rays and CT scans to assess the extent of cranial and facial abnormalities. Genetic testing may be used to confirm the diagnosis and identify the specific genetic mutation involved.

Management

Management of acrocraniofacial dysostosis typically involves a multidisciplinary approach, including:

• Craniofacial surgery: To correct skull and facial deformities and prevent complications such as increased intracranial pressure.
• Orthodontic treatment: To address dental and jaw alignment issues.
• Physical therapy: To improve limb function and mobility.
• Genetic counseling: For affected families to understand the inheritance pattern and risks for future pregnancies.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with acrocraniofacial dysostosis varies depending on the severity of the condition and the presence of associated complications. Early intervention and appropriate management can improve outcomes and quality of life for affected individuals.

See also

• Craniofacial dysostosis
• Craniosynostosis
• Genetic disorder
• Autosomal recessive inheritance